Introduction
The KCL team is pleased to announce that KCL v0.9.0 is now available! This release has brought three key updates to everyone
- Enhance the coding experience and efficiency with a more performant, feature-rich, and less error-prone KCL language, toolchain, and IDE.
- A more comprehensive and diverse set of standard libraries, third-party libraries, and community ecosystem integrations, covering different application scenarios and requirements.
- Richer multi-language SDKs and plugins, seamlessly integrating with different programming languages and development environments.
KCL is an open-source, constraint-based record and functional language hosted by Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). KCL improves the writing of numerous complex configurations, such as cloud-native scenarios, through its mature programming language technology and practice. It is dedicated to building better modularity, scalability, and stability around configurations, simpler logic writing, faster automation, and great built-in or API-driven integrations.
❤️ Special Thanks
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to all 120 community contributors who participated in the iteration from version v0.8 to v0.9 over the past 120 days. The following list is in no particular order.
@Shashank Mittal, @MattHodge, @officialasishkumar, @Gmin2, @Akash Kumar, @sfshumaker, @sanzoghenzo, @MOHAMED FAWAS, @bradkwadsworth-mw, @excalq, @Daksh-10, @metacoma, @Wes McNamee, @Stéphane Este-Gracias, @octonawish-akcodes, @zong-zhe, @shashank-iitbhu, @NAVRockClimber, @AkashKumar7902, @Petrosz007, @patrycju, @Korada Vishal, @selfuryon, @tvandinther, @vtomilov, @Peefy, @taylormonacelli, @Tertium, @Stefano Borrelli, @Bishal, @kukacz, @borgius, @steeling, @jheyduk, @HStéphane Este-Gracias, @userxiaosi, @folliehiyuki, @kubernegit, @nizq, @Alexander Fuchs, @ihor-hrytskiv, @Mohamed Asif, @reedjosh, @Wck-iipi, @evensolberg, @aldoborrero@ron18219, @rodrigoalvamat, @mproffitt, @karlhepler, @shruti2522, @leon-andria, @prahaladramji, @Even Solberg, @utnim2, @warjiang, @Asish Kumar, @He1pa, @Emmanuel Alap, @d4v1d03, @Yvan da Silva, @Abhishek, @DavidChevallier, @zargor, @Kim Sondrup, @SamirMarin, @Hai Wu, @MatisseB, @beholdenkey, @nestoralonso, @HAkash Kumar, @olinux, @liangyuanpeng, @ngergs, @Penguin, @ealap, @markphillips100, @Henri Williams, @eshepelyuk, @CC007, @mintu, @M Slane, @zhuxw, @atelsier, @aleeriz, @LinYunling, @YvanDaSilva, @chai2010, @Sergey Ryabin, @vfarcic, @vemoo, @riven-blade, @ibishal, @empath-nirvana, @bozaro, @jgascon-nx, @reckless-huang, @Sergei Iakovlev, @Blarc, @JeevaRamanathan, @dennybaa, @PrettySolution, @east4ming, @nkabir, @sestegra, @XiaoK29, @ricochet1k, @yjsnly, @umaher, @SjuulJanssen, @wilsonwang371, @Lukáš Kubín, @samuel-deal-tisseo, @blakebarnett, @Uladzislau Maher, @ytsarev, @Vishalk91-4, @Stephen C, @Tom van Dinther, @MrGuoRanDuo, @dopesickjam
📚 Key Updates
⚡️ Performance Enhancements
Runtime Performance
In the new KCL v0.9 release, a new fast runtime mode has been introduced. This can be enabled by setting the KCL_FAST_EVAL=1 environment variable, which improves startup and runtime performance. For configurations using Schema (such as the k8s third-party library), this offers approximately a 3x performance boost compared to previous versions. For simple configurations without Schema, output YAML performance has been tested to surpass tools like helm template and kustomize build that use YAML and Go Templates.
IDE Performance
KCL IDE has further optimized incremental compilation and performance for semantic analysis in large projects. For KCL projects with around 400 files, the end-to-end response time has been reduced to 20% of the previous version.
🔧 Core Features
Language
- String interpolation now supports escaping with
\${}similar to Shell to cancel interpolation.
world = "world"
hello_world_0 = "hello ${world}" # hello world
hello_world_1 = "hello \${world}" # hello ${world}
- Added schema type support to the
typeoffunction for distinguishing schema types from instances.
schema Foo:
bar?: str
foo = Foo {}
type_schema = typeof(foo) # schema
type_type = typeof(Foo) # type
- Added a
full_pkgkeyword argument to theinstances()method of Schema to read instances of the corresponding schema from all code.
schema Person:
name: str
alice = Person {name = "Alice"}
all_persons = Person.instances(True)
- Removed implicit comparison between bool and int types
0 < True. - Removed comparison features for the list type
[0] < [1]. - Added type assertion failure functionality to the
askeyword. - Optimized closure variable capture logic of
lambdafunctions and configuration code blocks{}in different scopes to be more intuitive.
Toolchain
kcl runnow supports outputting configurations in TOML format with the--formattoml option.kcl mod addnow supports adding dependencies from private third-party OCI Registries and Git repositories with the--ociand--gitoptions.kcl importnow supports importing entire Go Packages as KCL Schemas.kcl importnow supports importing files with YAML stream format (---).kcl importnow supports importing TOML files as KCL configurations.kcl cleannow supports cleaning external dependencies and compile caches.kcl mod initnow supports setting the version of a new KCL module with the--versiontag.- Commands like
kcl run,kcl mod add, andkcl mod pullnow support accessing private repositories via local Git.
IDE
- Supports multiple quick fix options.
- Syntax highlighting for
kcl.modandkcl.mod.lockfiles. - Partial syntax hover highlighting in the IDE.
importcompletion for external dependencies.- Function symbol highlighting and Inlay Hints displaying default variable types.
API
- The Override API now supports setting different attribute operators (
:,=, and+=) for configuration overrides. - Go API now supports prototext format and KCL schema output as KCL configurations.
- Go API now supports serializing any Go Type and Go Value to KCL Schema and configurations.
📦️ Standard Libraries and Third-Party Libraries
Standard Libraries
- Added the
filestandard library for file IO operations, such as reading configurations from YAML and performing configuration merges.
import file
import yaml
import json_merge_patch as p
config = p.merge(yaml.decode(file.read("deployment.yaml")), {
metadata.name = "override_value"
})
For more functions in the file module, see: https://www.kcl-lang.io/docs/reference/model/file
- Added the
templatestandard library for writing template configurations.
import template
_data = {
name = "handlebars",
v = [ { a = 1 }, { a = 2 } ],
c = { d = 5 },
g = { b = [ { aa = { bb = 55} }, { aa = { bb = 66} } ] },
people = [ "Yehuda Katz", "Alan Johnson", "Charles Jolley" ]
}
content = template.execute("""\
Hello world from {{name}}
{{#each v}}
{{this.a}}
{{/each}}
{{ c.d }}
{{#each people}}
{{ this }}
{{/each}}
{{#each g.b}}
{{this.aa.bb}}
{{/each}}
""", _data)
- Added the
runtimestandard library for capturing runtime exceptions, useful forkcl testtool to test exception cases.
import runtime
schema Person:
name: str
age: int
check:
0 <= age <= 120, "age must be in [1, 120], got ${age}"
test_person_check_error = lambda {
assert runtime.catch(lambda {
p = Person {name = "Alice", age: -1}
}) == "age must be in [1, 120], got -1"
}
Third-Party Libraries
The number of KCL models has increased to 313, including major updates as follows:
k8sreleased version 1.30argo-cdreleased version 0.1.1argo-workflowreleased version 0.0.3istioreleased version 1.21.2victoria-metrics-operatorreleased version 0.45.1cert-managerreleased version 0.1.2ciliumreleased version 0.1.1Longhornreleased version 0.0.1jsonpatchreleased version 0.0.5, supporting rfc6901Decode- Added a new third-party library
difflibfor comparing configuration differences - Added
argo-cd-orderfor sorting argocd sync operation resource order - Added models for
cluster-api, includingcluster-api,cluster-api-provider-metal3,cluster-api-provider-gcp,cluster-api-addon-provider-helm,cluster-api-addon-provider-aws,cluster-api-provider-azure, and more
☸️ Ecosystem Integration
- Fixed concurrency issue in Argo KCL plugin causing Sync errors.
- Releasing Flux KCL Controller https://github.com/kcl-lang/flux-kcl-controller, currently supporting GitOps with OCI and Git configurations.
- KCL officially integrated into Crossplane Functions Marketplace, releasing v0.9.0 https://github.com/crossplane-contrib/function-kcl.
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Composition
metadata:
name: example
spec:
compositeTypeRef:
apiVersion: example.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: XR
mode: Pipeline
pipeline:
- step: basic
functionRef:
name: function-kcl
input:
apiVersion: krm.kcl.dev/v1alpha1
kind: KCLInput
source: |
# Read the XR
oxr = option("params").oxr
# Patch the XR with the status field
dxr = oxr | {
status.dummy = "cool-status"
}
# Construct a AWS bucket
bucket = {
apiVersion = "s3.aws.upbound.io/v1beta1"
kind = "Bucket"
metadata.annotations: {
"krm.kcl.dev/composition-resource-name" = "bucket"
}
spec.forProvider.region = option("oxr").spec.region
}
# Return the bucket and patched XR
items = [bucket, dxr]
- step: automatically-detect-ready-composed-resources
functionRef:
name: function-auto-ready
Additionally, you can find more real use cases of KCL with other ecosystem projects here:
- https://github.com/mindwm/mindwm-gitops
- https://github.com/vfarcic/crossplane-kubernetes
- https://github.com/giantswarm/crossplane-gs-apis/blob/main/crossplane.giantswarm.io/xnetworks/package/compositions/peered-vpc-network.yaml
- https://github.com/upbound/configuration-aws-eks/blob/main/apis/composition-kcl.yaml
🧩 Multi-Language SDKs and Plugins
Multi-Language SDKs
The number of KCL multi-language SDKs has increased to 7, currently supporting Rust, Go, Java, .NET, Python, Node.js, and WASM. These can be used without installing additional KCL command-line tools, optimizing the installation size to 90% of previous versions and removing the need for complex system dependencies. Furthermore, each SDK provides the same APIs for code execution, code analysis, type parsing, and adding external dependencies. Here are some examples with the Java and C# SDKs:
- Java
import com.kcl.api.API;
import com.kcl.api.Spec.ExecProgram_Args;
import com.kcl.api.Spec.ExecProgram_Result;
public class ExecProgramTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
API api = new API();
ExecProgram_Result result = api
.execProgram(ExecProgram_Args.newBuilder().addKFilenameList("path/to/kcl.k").build());
System.out.println(result.getYamlResult());
}
}
- C#
namespace KclLib.Tests;
using KclLib.API;
public class KclLibAPITest
{
public static void Main()
{
var execArgs = new ExecProgram_Args();
execArgs.KFilenameList.Add("path/to/kcl.k");
var result = new API().ExecProgram(execArgs);
Console.WriteLine(result.YamlResult);
}
}
For more information on installing and using other SDKs, see https://github.com/kcl-lang/lib
Multi-Language Plugins
The number of KCL multi-language plugins has increased to 3, currently supporting Go, Python, and Java. Only basic SDK dependencies are required to achieve seamless interoperation between common languages and KCL. Here are some examples with Python and Java plugins:
Write the following KCL code (main.k)
import kcl_plugin.my_plugin
result = my_plugin.add(1, 1)
Use the Python SDK to register a Python function for calling in KCL
import kcl_lib.plugin as plugin
import kcl_lib.api as api
plugin.register_plugin("my_plugin", {"add": lambda x, y: x + y})
def main():
result = api.API().exec_program(
api.ExecProgram_Args(k_filename_list=["main.k"])
)
assert result.yaml_result == "result: 2"
main()
Use the Java SDK to register a Java function for calling in KCL
package com.kcl;
import com.kcl.api.API;
import com.kcl.api.Spec.ExecProgram_Args;
import com.kcl.api.Spec.ExecProgram_Result;
import java.util.Collections;
public class PluginTest {
public static void main(String[] mainArgs) throws Exception {
API.registerPlugin("my_plugin", Collections.singletonMap("add", (args, kwArgs) -> {
return (int) args[0] + (int) args[1];
}));
ExecProgram_Result result = new API()
.execProgram(ExecProgram_Args.newBuilder().addKFilenameList("main.k").build());
System.out.println(result.getYamlResult());
}
}
For more examples of using other multi-language plugins, see https://www.kcl-lang.io/docs/reference/plugin/overview
Additionally, you can find more real use cases of KCL multi-language plugins here:
🌐 Other Resources
🔥 Check out the KCL Community and join us 🔥
For more resources, refer to:
